1Which organisms do you think evolved earlier: the organisms under the protists or the organisms under the monerans?
2The five kingdoms can be shown as a tree diagram. Discuss the relationship between evolution and classification of living beings based on such a diagram.
3What are the main features of organisms under kingdom Plantae?
4Why is Cycas kept in gymnosperm?
5A flatworm and a frog belong to the same kingdom. What is the main reason for grouping them under the same kingdom?
6Based on evolution, which group of organisms is closely related: Porifera, Annelida, Chordata; Porifera, Arthropoda, Chordata; Coelenterata, Arthropoda, Chordata; or Platyhelminthes, Nemathelminthes, Annelida?
7What is the main reason for classifying whales in the class Mammalia?
8Why are club mosses more advanced than the mosses?
9To which kingdoms do organisms having cell walls belong?
10To which class do egg-laying animals with a four-chambered heart and body covered with feathers belong?
11Which group of plants belongs to angiosperm: pinus, fern, pea; juniper, maize, gram; moss, maize, bean; or paddy, banana, mango?
12Which division do the plants having vascular tissue belong to?
13Differentiate: plant kingdom and animal kingdom.
14Differentiate: fish and star fish.
15Differentiate: jelly fish and cuttle fish.
16Differentiate: moss and club moss.
17Differentiate: Pinus and peepal.
18Differentiate: fish and whale.
19Differentiate: dove and bat.
20Give reason: Living beings need to be classified.
21Give reason: Fucus and Marchantia look alike, but Fucus is classified as algae while Marchantia is classified as bryophyta.
22Give reason: Gymnosperms do not bear fruit.
23Give reason: Although a crocodile has a four-chambered heart, it belongs to the reptilian class.
24Give reason: Although bats and whales have dissimilar characteristics, they belong to the same class.
25Give reason: Riccia is an amphibian plant.
26Give reason: Fern is not a flowering plant; Cycas bears flower-like cones but no fruit; banana bears flower and fruit. However, all these plants are kept in the same division.
27Into how many divisions are the organisms in plant kingdom divided?
28Write the main features of kingdom Plantae.
29Write the similarities of plants which belong to gymnosperm and angiosperm.
30If you are given only the leaves of some plants in Tracheophyta and asked to distinguish their subdivisions using the taxonomic knowledge you have acquired in class, is it possible to do so? Give your arguments.
31What are the main characteristics of Pteridophyta?
32Roshni observed only the flowers of a new plant in her garden and concluded that the plant belongs to monocotyledon. Is observation of only the flowers a right way to identify monocotyledon? Give reasons.
33An orange tree and a Cycas plant are compared. Write their similarities and differences, mention their subdivisions with the reason for placing them there, and say which one is more advanced, with reasons.
34A chart sorts animals into four groups: A = terrestrial invertebrates, B = aquatic invertebrates, C = terrestrial vertebrates, D = aquatic vertebrates. In which group does fish belong?
35Digestive system is not developed in the animals of phylum Porifera. How do they digest food? Write.
36Rakesh saw an animal while he was playing in the ground. How can he identify the phylum of that animal by using taxonomic knowledge of kingdom Animalia? Explain.
37Shark and whale both live in water. Based on their features, which is the more developed animal? Explain with reasons.
38Compare a bat and an eagle: to which phylum and class do they belong; write any two similarities and two dissimilarities between them; and how does the study of these animals clarify the concept of evolution?
39Explain the relation between classification of living beings and evolution.
40Draw a chart to show classification of kingdom Plantae according to five kingdom system.
41Draw a chart to show classification of kingdom Animalia according to five kingdom system.
42Among a fish, a pigeon, a snake, a tiger and a frog: which animal has a two-chambered heart; which suckles milk to its young; what are any two similarities between frogs and snakes; and which of these animals have air sacs in their bodies?
43What is speciation? Give an example from the vertebrates.
44How does the number of heart chambers show that advanced animals developed from less developed ones?
45Why are birds considered more closely related to mammals than fishes are?