1Look at the diagram of the environment and talk about its components.
2Match the paragraphs of the winter reading to their suitable titles: Going into a Deep Sleep, Migration to New Places, Other Ways to Survive, Living in Underground Holes, Adaptation to New Weather.
3Write True or False: (a) Animals wear thick coats to protect themselves from the cold. (b) Flying in flocks helps birds protect themselves from the cold. (c) Birds do not travel far to avoid the cold. (d) Some animals collect extra food for winter. (e) Snow fleas hibernate in winter. (f) Cold water makes it difficult for some animals to breathe.
4Why do birds migrate in groups?
5What controls the migration cycle of birds?
6How do birds find the same place for migration each year?
7Why do you think squirrels and mice huddle close together in winter?
8How do animals maintain energy during hibernation?
9How do frogs, turtles and fish change their habitats to survive in winter?
10Find the words from the winter reading that mean: (a) a shop that sells food and household things, (b) related to the regions around the North Pole, (c) an underground passage, (d) to find the right way to deal with a difficult situation, (e) a person who works on a ship as a member of the crew, (f) to change behaviour to deal more successfully with a new situation, (g) a very small green or yellow plant that spreads over wet surfaces, (h) to gather closely together because of cold or fear.
11Complete the sentences with the correct words from the box: avalanche, plague, combat, predator, despair, resistant, nasty. (a) As responsible citizens it is our duty to ... all social evils. (b) The whole town is suffering from the new ... of rats. (c) The minister's opinion has created ... of controversy. (d) He got a ... cut above his eye in the accident. (e) Some animals do not have a natural ... (f) Mosquitoes seem to have become ... to the toughest insecticides. (g) He is in ... due to all the failures in business.
12Write whether these sentences about The Resistant Moths are True or False: (a) The first use of pesticides caused further problems to the farmers. (b) The shopkeepers made the farmers buy many pesticides. (c) Mahendra Yadav admits that the farmers used chemicals carelessly. (d) The pesticides not only killed the pests but also increased the fertility of the land. (e) Mahendra Yadav expects that the moths will go away one day.
13Why do you think Mahendra Yadav says these insects will eat us alive? What did the farmers hope when they first bought the pesticides, and what was the nasty surprise?
14Find different words in The Resistant Moths that refer to the pesticide and to the moth. Do you think Mahendra Yadav has made a wise decision at the end? Why?
15For the paragraph about the city's transportation problem: (a) Which is the topic sentence and where is it stated? (b) What details support the main idea? (c) What is the conclusion? (d) What ought to be the topic of the paragraph?
16Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets: (a) If you call me, I ... (come). (b) If you ... (not leave), I'll call the police. (c) Somebody ... (notice) if you make a mistake. (d) If I see her, I ... (tell) her to call you. (e) She ... (be) very angry if you don't apologise. (f) They will be happy if we ... (invite) them to the party. (g) Will they pay any more if I ... (work) harder? (h) If you don't lock your bicycle, someone ... (steal) it. (i) I ... (lend) you some money if you promise not to waste it. (j) Unless you use your English, it ... (not improve). (k) You must study hard if you ... (want) to join college.
17Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs: (a) If we hurry, we ... there in time. (get) (b) I won't go to the doctor unless the pain ... (increase) (c) If you spit in a public place, you ... into trouble. (get) (d) We ... for a picnic tomorrow if the weather stays nice. (go) (e) Everyone ... you if you tell them the truth. (believe) (f) If he ... up, he won't get to work on time. (not wake) (g) If the baby ... a boy, I'll call him Nitesh. (be) (h) You can cause an accident if you ... so carelessly. (drive) (i) Unless she ... the ambulance immediately, her father may die. (call) (j) If you try harder, you ... in your exams. (succeed)
18Complete these sentences with suitable endings: (a) If you are hungry, ... (b) If he runs fast, ... (c) They will win the match if ... (d) If you phone him, ... (e) If Mira fails the exam, ... (f) Manashi will be promoted to grade ten if ...
19What are the three biggest rainforests in the world? Which is the biggest one?
20Label the parts of the model letter to the editor: subscription and signature, date, salutation or greetings, sender's address, body.
21Your friend has forgotten to bring money to buy snacks. Write a short conversation in which you make an offer and your friend accepts it.
22Explain in your own words how using more and more pesticide can produce a pest that no pesticide kills.
23What is the difference between the zero conditional and the first conditional? Give one example of each.