MaterialsA sheet of chart paper, a compass, gum, coloured thread, and grains of three different colours that can be found locally, such as black gram, pigeon pea and lentil.
MethodTake a sheet of chart paper. With the help of a compass, make a circle whose centre lies exactly in the middle of it. Stick coloured thread around that circle with gum, and this stands for the nucleus of the atom. Draw another circle outside the first one and stick thread around it in the same way. Now take the grains of three different colours, two of each, and decide which colour will be the proton, which the electron and which the neutron. Stick those grains, two of each, in the nucleus as protons and neutrons, and in the shell as electrons. Compare the model you have made with the atom of helium and discuss it in class. In the same way, prepare models of the oxygen and chlorine atoms as well.
Figure 9.7: The oxygen atom and the chlorine atom
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